Factor Indexing Through the Decades

Research Paper
July 29, 2025

Preview

Over the past five decades, factor strategies have delivered consistent long-term results across market cycles. But today’s environment — marked by macro shocks, crowded trades and the rise of intangible-driven business models — is challenging many of the assumptions behind traditional approaches. 

In this new research, MSCI unpacks: 

  • Which factors have historically delivered and where they've struggled
  • How crowding, concentration and mega-cap tech exposures have affected returns
  • Why standard signals like book-to-price may fall short in an intangible economy
  • How macro-aware, data-enriched factor models are shaping the future

For institutional and wealth investors alike, this is a roadmap for building more resilient, forward-looking portfolios.

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Global Equity Investing Through the Decades

Future index innovations emerge from past experience. Within the context of 55 years as a global index provider, we review major global-equity trends via a series of charts and offer deeper insight into the role of index-construction parameters.

Factor Investing

Factors may help investors identify key risk and return drivers.

Long-Term Investing in Emerging Markets

Some emerging-market (EM) stocks have bucked the trend of underperforming headline EM indexes following the 2008 global financial crisis. We used nearly 30 years of index- and stock-level returns to identify their shared fundamental attributes. 

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